Category Archives: My Research

The Crescent Nebula

A very nice example of a nebula surrounding a Wolf-Rayet star is the so-called Crescent Nebula (NGC 6888, Caldwell 27, Sharpless 105). Located in the northern constellation of Gygnus, The Swan, it lies at around 5000 light years from us. The Crescent Nebula has been formed by the strong stellar winds of the Wolf-Rayet star WR 136 (HD 192163), which is located in the center of the nebula. This is an image of the Crescent Nebula I took in 2004 using the 2.5m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (La Palma, Spain) while I was still preparing my PhD Thesis at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC, Tenerife, Spain) about the properties of dwarf galaxies hosting Wolf-Rayet stars. Actually, the image was taken during the twilight, when sky is still dark enough the get details in the narrow-band filters.

Crescent Nebula using narrow-band filters, by Angel R. Lopez-Sanchez

Image of the Crescent Nebula (NGC 6888) obtained by the author combining data using the broad-band optical B filter (blue) and the narrow-band optical filters [O III] (green) and Hα (red) obtained using the Wide Field Camera (WFC) attached at the 2.5m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (La Palma, Spain). The size of the image is around 22 x 22 arcminutes, just slightly smaller than the field of view of the full moon in the sky (30 arcminutes in diameter). Credit: Ángel R. López-Sánchez

The complex structure of the Crescent Nebula is a consequence of the interaction of the strong wind of the Wolf-Rayet star with material ejected by the star in an earlier phase, probably while it was a red supergiant. The actual loss-mass rate of the WR136 is around 0.00001 solar masses per year, which means the star losses the equivalent of the Sun’s mass every 10,000 years.

The image clearly shows ionized gas (nebular emission) with very different conditions: while red-color (Hα emission) is tracing the normal, emitting ionized gas, the green colour ([O III] emission) indicates regions with high excitation of the gas, meaning higher temperatures probably because of shocks. In just some few hundreds of years the star will explode as type-II supernova and destroy all the nebula, although it will create a new object: a supernova remnant.

From “El Lobo Rayado” to “The Lined Wolf”

Ángel R. López-Sánchez and the 2dF instrument at the 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope. Credit: Ella Pellegrini (Daily Telegraph).

Ángel R. López-Sánchez and the 2dF instrument at the 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope. Credit: Ella Pellegrini (Daily Telegraph).

Welcome to my new blog!

My name is Ángel R. López-Sánchez. I’m a Spanish astrophysicist working at the Australian Astronomical Observatory (AAO) and in the Department of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Astrophotonics of the Macquarie University (Sydney, NSW, Australia). My research in Astrophysics is focused in the analysis of star formation phenomena in galaxies of the local Universe, especially in dwarf starbursts and spiral galaxies, but using a multiwavelength approach.

In 2003, while starting my PhD thesis at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC, Canary Islands Institute for Astronomy, Spain) I decided to create a blog about Astronomy to share with Spanish speakers my interests about this fascinating science. That was the birth of my blog El Lobo Rayado. I chose this title because in that moment I was analyzing a very interesting class of starburst galaxies, the so-called Wolf-Rayet galaxies. A bad translation from English to Spanish of Wolf (which means Lobo) and Rayet (which does not have a translation into Spanish, but it sounds like Lined) seemed a very original title for a blog about Astronomy, furthermore considering that then I was spending a lot of time analyzing optical spectra of galaxies showing many emission lines. In 2003 blogs were not as common as they are today, and I can say that El Lobo Rayado was one of the very first (if not the first) Spanish blogs fully dedicated to Astronomy and Astrophysics written by a Spanish astrophysicist.

I got my PhD in Astrophysics in December 2006. I presented a detailed analysis of a sample of Wolf-Rayet galaxies, the majority of the optical and near-infrared observations were obtained by myself using the telescopes available at the Spanish astronomical observatories of El Roque de los Muchachos (La Palma), Izaña (Tenerife) and Calar Alto (Almeria).

In 2007 I moved to Australia to work at the CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science (then just known as Australia Telescope National Facility) as radio-astronomer. Actually, I’m a weird mix between an optical and a radio astronomer, although I’m also using data from other wavelenghts. Indeed, I’m combining ultraviolet, optical, infrared and radio data to characterise the physical and chemical properties of galaxies and get clues about their nature and evolution. Since January 2011 I’m working at the Australian Astronomical Observatory (AAO) and Macquarie University (MQ) in Sydney (NSW, Australia).

My passion for Astronomy actually started when I was a kid, in the mountain ranges near my natal city, Córdoba (Spain), when I became an active amateur astronomer. Since 1991 I belong to the Agrupación Astronómica de Córdoba (AAC, Córdoba Astronomical Association). Besides being now a professional astronomer, I still feel like an amateur astronomer and indeed I enjoy a lot observing the sky with my eyes, binoculars or small telescopes and taking astronomical pictures using my own equipment.

I consider that outreach and publicizing Astronomy to the general public is very important and I’m usually involved in these activities. That is the reason I created both El Lobo Rayado and The Lined Wolf.

However, The Lined Wolf is not just a translation of El Lobo Rayado. Actually, I’m NOT going to translate a single post from one blog to the other. They will be complementary tools: I’ll continue writing in Spanish in El Lobo Rayado, as I consider it is very important to reach non-English speakers: the majority of the astronomical information, including press releases and hot news, is in English, and hence non-English speakers can still found some extra information about the most recent news about Astronomy in El Lobo Rayado. On the other hand, in the last few years I’ve been thinking it is also important for me to create my own blog about Astronomy in English. However, in this case my idea is to publicize my own research and explain the scientific papers I’m publishing, together with some of the adventures which involves to be a professional astronomer (observations in remote telescopes, conferences, workshops…). That is the aim that the blog The Lined Wolf has.

That also means I have to start from the beginning. There are many posts I still have to write here, just considering I’ll need at least a post per paper published in a refereed journal, plus posts showing some of my beautiful multiwavelength images. Shall we begin?